Per Se Illegality of Concerted Refusals to Deal: A Rule Ripe for Reexamination

Exclusive Dealing Implemented Through Refusals to Deal: The Refused Party

Does Transfer of Hospital Governance to Board of Trustees per se Lead to Improved Hospital Performance?

Background and Objectives: Evidence shows that transfer of hospital governance to board of trustees can positively influence hospital performance. Iran has initiated implementing such a transformation and a number of hospitals have been involved in this reform. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of such a reform by examining performance profile of a sample hospital across the interve...

Is ENS PER SE the Definition of Substance in Avicenna

IP-Related Refusals to Deal. Part 1: Updating the Intel-Intergraph Controversy

Considerable attention has focused on US District Court Judge Jackson’s preliminary fact findings about the Microsoft half of the Wintel monopoly. But the November 5, 1999, decision of the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, exonerating allegedly monopolistic conduct of the Intel half of Wintel-dom, has gone almost unremarked. This month’s Micro Law updates the July-August 1998 Micro L...

IP-Related Refusals to Deal-Part 2: Pretext and Misconduct as Standards

In the last issue of IEEE Micro (Jan.-Feb. 2000, pp. 9-12), Micro Law addressed the Kodak, Intel, and Xerox cases, largely from the vantage point of tactics. All of these cases involved a powerful manufacturer’s refusal to sell patented parts, or to license its intellectual property rights, to a rival. Kodak was unsuccessful in the San Francisco federal court of appeals and the US Supreme Court...